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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 3 to 7.

The trend for children to multitask by juggling all sorts of electronic gadgets at the same time is (3) _____ damaging their levels of concentration, scientists have warned. Rocketing use of the Internet, iPods, mobile phones, and DVDs lies behind that finding. Scientists have confirmed the belief of many parents that it is impossible to concentrate on more than one thing at the same time. They found that children (4) _____ homework while sending messages via the Internet can end up spending 50% longer than if they had done each task separately. 

David E Meyer, (5) _____ is the Professor of Cognitive Psychology at the University of Michigan, said that true multitasking is only possible for simple activities such as ironing and listening to the radio. He ran experiments demonstrating that young adults who had to switch from one Maths problem to (6) _____ wasted significant amounts of time. Meyer said: “For situations involving more complex tasks, especially those requiring language, the total time taken to (7) _____ all the tasks done will increase greatly. Over long periods, this kind of multitasking can stress you out and lead to mental and physical exhaustion.”

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 11 to 15.

Newspapers and television news programs always seem to report about the bad things happening in society. However, there is a place where readers can find some good news. That place is the website called HappyNews. The man behind HappyNews is Byron Reese. Reese set up HappyNews because he thought other news sources were giving people an unbalanced view of the world. Reese said about HappyNews, “The news media gives you a distorted view of the world by exaggerating bad news, misery, and despair. We’re trying to balance out the scale.”

Not everyone agrees with Reese’s view, though. Many people think that news sources have a responsibility to provide news that is helpful to people. People need to know about issues or problems in today’s society. Then people are better able to make their own decisions about things that affect their daily lives. Reese said that HappyNews is not trying to stop people from learning about issues or problems. HappyNews is just trying to provide a balanced picture of today’s world.

By the end of its first month online, HappyNews had more than 70,000 unique readers. About 60 percent of those readers were women. Something else unusual makes HappyNews different from any of the other news or information websites that are on the Internet. Unlike many other websites, HappyNews gets fan mail from its readers on a daily basis.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 20 to 26.

Do you know the indispensable part of your computer that is more than a century old? The modern typewriter was born in the back of Kleinsteuber’s Machine Shop in Milwaukee. That’s where Christopher Sholes took some piano wire and a telegraph key and built a crude typing device in 1868. It could type only one letter, a rather fuzzy-looking w, but it was still pretty amazing for its time. Sholes and his partners designed a more ambitious model with all the letters in the alphabet.

The typewriter had a problem, though. Try to type quickly on it, and the type bars banged into one another and got stuck. The solution to that problem resulted in the keyboard we know today. 

Sholes consulted with an educator who helped him analyze the most common pairings of letters in the English language. He then split up those letters so that their type bars were farther apart and less likely to jam. That in turn dictated the layout of the keyboard – known as QWERTY, for the first five letters in the upper row. In a manner of speaking, he slowed down the typists to prevent jamming, and thus speed up the typing.

In 1873 the Sholes & Glidden Type Writer became the first to be mass-produced, and its keyboard layout was soon standard on all typewriters. The original Sholes & Glidden typed only capitals and was designed in an awkward fashion that prevented the typist from looking at the paper while typing. Ads trumpeted its value to clergymen and lawyers, but it sold quite poorly at first. One reason: it was expensive. It cost $125, the equivalent of more than $1,700 today. 

Other keyboard layouts have been created since, and some are demonstrably more efficient, but the original continues to thrive. It is a telling illustration of the power of inertia and the reward of being first.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.